
iV 3 S . C . Toof & CoXiOuMemphis. 




OF 



EE ViRGINIA & GEORGIA 



^//'(L R'Ct ■ MauiluteBiistrt to CtuittantWtja 

Dtiltiw Bnmdi 

. V> -V> •'< i<' MimiAlvwii Brandt 



GUIDE 




AND 



Watering Places 



EAST TENNESSEE. 



' PRESENTED WITH THE COMPLIMENTS OF JHE 

East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad Company. 



MEMPHIS: 

S. C. Toof & Co., Printers and Lithographers. 
1880. 




COMPEISES thirty-five counties, containing eight million acres, and a population 
of about four hundred thousand. It was originally settled, for the most part, 
by emigrants from the States of North and South Carolina. The first white man, 
Captain William Bean, is said to Lave come from Pittsylvania county, Va., in 1769, 
and his son, Russel Bean, was its first white native. Their residence was on Boone 
creek, a small stream emptying into the "Watauga river. 

In 1776 the settlers met and organized the Watauga Association, for the better 
management of their affairs. They named the Territory now called East Tennessee, 
" The Washington District." This association petitioned North Carolina to have 
its laws extended over their territory. North Carolina responded by organizing all 
territory west of the mountains into " Washington Territory." Subsequently the 
state of Franklin was organized, but after one year of separate government, and 
one session of its legislature at Jonesboro, in 1785, it was suppressed by the state of 
North Carolina. Four years afcerward North Carolina ceded " Washington Terri- 
tory " to the Federal Government, and by Federal authority William Blount was 
appointed Governor, with headquarters at Knoxville. In 1796 the state of Tennes- 
see was admitted into the Union. The name is said to have been derived from the 
Cherokee " Tennassee," or sj)oon, (the name of the principal river in the state, given 
to the river from its supposed resemblance in shape.) The character of the early 
settlers may be judged from the first acts of their primitive legislatures, which char- 
tered several schools and colleges, among them Martin Academy, near Jonesboro, 
and Davidson College, Nashville, in 1785, Greenville College in Green county, and 
Blount College at Knoxville, in 1794. 



ITS TOPOGRAPHY. 

Following the general course of the Appalachian system of mountains, which 
begin in Canada and extend through Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland 
and Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee, they run in the same general direction 
through East Tennessee, enclosing the valleys of the Tennessee, Holston and their 
many tributaries as with great walls. The lofty Unaka ranges on the south, and the 
less lofty but equally interesting Cumberland on the north, and between these great 
mountain ranges are innumerable other mountain ridges and hills, many of them 



4 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



attaining a great night, and all running in the same general direction. And between 
these parallel ridges are many beautiful and fertile valleys and streams and rivers 
of considerable magnitude. Although there are many other mountain regions in the 
United States which are more or less similar, yet the mountain region of East Ten- 
nessee presents many peculiar features not found in any other. A similar structure 
is only found in the valley of Green and Grand rivers in southwestern Utah and in 
San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys of California. And even there the resem- 
blance, in respect to vast valleys between two parallel ranges of mountains is only 
partial. The structural features of the great inter-mountain valley of East Tennes- 
see and its enclosing mountain walls are unlike any other in America. 

The peculiarities of the Cumberland are vast level plains covered with grass and 
trees, while the lofty tops of the Unakas are devoid of trees, but carpeted with 
thousands of acres of grass, as fertile as the rich meadows of New York or Ohio. 
While the tourist sees in them the rugged grandeur of the Rockie?, yet his eye is 
relieved by rich green spots of great fertility and beauty, and the numerous herds 
of cattle grazing upon them delight the eyes of the farmer. 

The table lands of the Cumberland deserve a, further notice. They are table 
lands in fact, not simply an elevated region. Rising from a valley from a thousand 
to fifteen hundred feet above the sea, they lift themselves almost perpendicularly 
another thousand feet or more, and on the top we find, not the cap of a ridge, or a 
narrow divide, but for miles in all directions a level plateau thickly studded with 
large trees, almost destitute of undergrowth, and covered with grass more or less 
luxuriant. The Cumberlands are also rich in fossils, and everywhere may be found 
engraved on the rocks the imprints of vegetation that flourished ages ago. 

The great inter-mountain valley is equally as beautiful and interesting as the 
mountains themselves. 

In fact, there are a series of smaller mountains of considerable hight, ridges and 
smaller hills all running in the same direction, northeast and southwest. It may be 
said to commence north of Abingdon, Ya., on the water divide, coming thence with 
a width of eightv miles at the State line, it slowly narrows until at Chattanooga its 
greatest width cannot be called over forty miles. Its mountain barriers have a simi- 
lar feature. A line across the Unaka system of mountains, southeast of Abingdon, 
Va., gives the greatest breadth of the chain. A similar line northwest of Cumber- 
land Gap gives the greatest breadth of the Cumberland. 

Both these systems named narrow in the same wedge-like shape. The valleys 
take similar shape, and the rivers also. At the Virginia line, East Tennessee has 
four parallel rivers, Powells river, the Clinch and the North and South forks of the 
Holston. The two latter unite and receive on their way southward the Watauga, 
the French Broad and its tributaries, the Nolachucky and Pigeon, rivers of them- 
selves, thus forming the Tennessee. This a little lower down takes in the Little 
Tennessee, and after uniting with the Clinch, which has been increased by the 
waters of Powells river and the Emory, a few miles above Chattanooga it receives 
the Hiwassee. These streams and their numerous tributaries, fed by never-failing 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



5 



mountain-springs, furnish water power unequaled in the world. The Ocoee, a trib- 
utary of the Hiwassee, falls nearly a thousand feet in fifteen miles. These rivers 
do not confine themselves to any valley in their course. They cut through the most 
persistent and highest ridges, leaving at times apparently the most favorable valley 
route to break through a rocky barrier hundreds of feet in hight. Like the streams, 
many of the valleys and ridges beginning on the Virginia line cease entirely, or are 
merged into others, before the Georgia line is reached. The peculiar knobs south 
of Knoxville and Morristown cease entirely as at the Virginia line. Powells valley, 
four miles wide at the Virginia line, narrows to a mile at Jacksboro, and ceases 
entirely at Careyville. And again below Coal creek a narrow valley commences, 
and continues almost without interruption to Chattanooga, but nowhere has it the 
width and agricultural importance of Powells valley. 

The most persistent valley in East Tennessee is called "Big valley." The town 
of Tazewell, in Claiborne county, is located on it. The only break in this valley is 
immediately south of that place, where it is displaced by the eruption of a lower 
formation, forming a series of ridges and small valleys misnamed "The Barrens." 
It commences again in Union county and continues to Middle Alabama. It is 
equally persistent in the other direction, running almost without interruption to 
Trenton, in the State of New York. The great Harrisburg valley is identical with 
the valley in which Greenville, Jonesboro, Bogersville, Morristown, Knoxville, 
Loudon and Cleveland are located, though in some places localized into apparently 
separate valleys by short ridges. The other valleys in East Tennessee are merely 
local in character, and are designated from some stream, as Beaver creek, Baccoon 
valley, Hickory, Eastenalee, and others of less extent. The great leading ridges 
are Chestnut, Copper, Black Oak ridge, and the ridge bounding Big valley on the 
south, called in some places "Walden's ridge, Pine ridge, and at others "White Oak. 
It should be called Iron ridge. It is continuous from the north far into Alabama, 
with one break, like the valley it borders, though several streams cut across it. 

The next great ridge is Copper ridge. It has really no break except those made 
by the passage of the great rivers. Its elevation is from a thousand to twelve hundred 
feet above the sea, and from two to four hundred feet above the valleys at its foot. 

Another range of considerable hight, but not of great length, is Clinch mountain. 
It commences on the Virginia line, being identical with Walker's mountain of that 
State. It rises to an elevation of over fifteen hundred feet above the sea, and six 
hundred feet above the valley. 

The valley on the north side is called Poor valley. In it is situated the towns of 
Rutledge, Tate, and Mineral Hill Springs. Another isolated ridge is called Bay's 
mountain. On the southern side of the valley are a series of broken ridges or knobs, 
some of a very considerable hight, but nowhere do they form a continuous range for 
a long distance. Approaching the North Carolina line we find the Chilhowee moun- 
tains, a long, high range, a sort of outline of the great North Carolina mountains, 
and at places ceasing entirely, but really continuing under various names into Ala- 
bama. Behind this range are valleys of great beauty and fertility, usually called 
coves, as Tuckalerchee's, Wier's, etc. Beyond this range and frequently united to it 



6 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



by spurs, are the great Unakas, on the southeastern summits of which the North Car- 
olina boundary line runs for the greater part. 

The peculiarities of the topography of this region may be further gathered from 
the following elevations at sectional lines across the valley at these points, viz., 
Chattanooga, Knoxville and Bristol : 



Elevation. 



Chattanooga 675 

Ooltewah 790 

Wartburg . . *379 

Top Black Oak Ridge 1000 

Cane Creek 794 

Copper Ridge 1 197 

Ten miles east of Cleveland, Chilhowee 

Mountain 1506 to 2500 

From Knoxville Northward. 

Summit of Cross Mountain near Carey ville 3370 

Cove Creek 1041 

Coal Creek 855 

Clinton . 857 

Chestnut Ridge 1038 

Bull Run Valley, Copper Ridge .... 1071 

Beaver Creek Valley 982 

Black Oak Ridge 1106 

East of Knoxville. 

Morristown 1283 

Greenville 1 581 

Jonesboro J 734 

Bristol 167S 

Abingdon, Va 2071 

Mt. Airy, Va 2700 



Elevation. 



Table Land Summit 1918 

Pine Ridge 913 

"Winter's Gap 834 

Clinch River 778 

Cleveland 878 

Beaver Creek 972 

Black Oak Ridge 1171 

Knoxville . , 900 

From Knoxville Southward. 

Two miles on K. & C. R. R 936 

Maryville " . . 875 

Dividing Ridge I&76 

Nine Mile Creek 900 

Mont vale Springs 1293 

Chilhowee Mountain Top at Montvale . 2452 

Unakas 4000 to 6000 

To the South of Bristol. 

Taylorsville 2 395 

White Top .............. , ,.. S53° 

To the North of Bristol. 

Cumberland Mountain 2680 



The fall of the Holston in Virginia, and the Watauga in North Carolina to Chat- 
tanooga, is each about 1500 feet. 

Prof. Colton, of Knoxville, Tenn., thus theorizes in regard to the effect of the 
topography upon the climate : 

"It is evident from the general topography and geographic features of East 
Tennessee, that it is a great trough, with a corrugated bottom ; one end is elevated 
to twice the hight of the other end. Eeferring to the elevation given, it may be 
seen that from an elevation of 675 feet at Chattanooga, it passes through Knoxville 
at an elevation of 900 feet, and rapidly rises to 1734 feet at Jonesboro. While 
these are the elevations of the track of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia 
Railroad, the surrounding country has much higher points, the area of Knoxville 
having an average elevation of over 950 feet. 



"It is an established theory of meteorology, that every 310 feet of elevation is 
equivalent to a degree of north latitude, hence Bristol being not only 100 miles 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



7 



north of Chattanooga, but also 1200 feet higher, is meteorologically elevated to a 
climatic position the equivalent of Indianapolis. But it is truly entitled to a more 
northern range in summer, and a more southern one in winter ; while Knoxville, 
though only 250 feet higher than Chattanooga, has a much cooler summer, and 
nearly the same winter climate. 

" We account for this as follows: The valley warms with the sun during the day, 
and the air ascends northeastward to the higher upper end of the great trough, and 
to the tops of the high mountains on either side. When night comes it is reversed. 
The cool air comes down through the valley, and from the summits of the moun- 
tains, equalizing the temperature, cooling the valley, and producing wind currents 
to the southwest. These cease usually about three o'clock A. M., which produce a 
calm before daylight. This current operates from beyond Bristol into Alabama, but 
has its greatest force and action about Knoxville. It makes it impossible for more 
than three or four excessively hot or cold days to exist in succession. The mala- 
rious atoms from the extreme south, are met and purified by the rare air from the 
mountains, and makes the existence of malaria in this region impossible— even the 
lightest forms of malaria, chills and fever being almost unknown, and exist only 
temporarily when brought from other regions. It is worthy of note, that although 
for many years, the U. 8. Signal Service Observer has recorded the temperature of 
Knoxville day and night, a night temperature as high as seventy-five degrees wa3 
only reached once, and that on the 12th of September, 1878, when the observer 
reported T6 T \°. 

"It is universally conceded that malaria cannot thrive unless the continuous tem- 
perature, day and night, for weeks, exceeds eighty, or at least seventy-five degrees. 
The usual temperature of upper East Tennessee at night rarely exceeds sixty degrees, 
and usually goes below it. This cool air at night, together with the constant moving 
of heated air through the day, creates a summer climate unsurpassed for health and 
comfort in the world." 

The following letter from the Scientific News, written by the author of the above 
theory, in regard to the air currents of East Tennessee, may be appropriately inserted 
here, as it has reference to a similar subject: 

" MOUNTAIN MUSIC." 

In the month of July, 1878, I spent several weeks at the Cloudland hotel on Roan mountain, 
in Western North Carolina, which is 6387 feet above the sea level. On the eastern side of the 
Roan mountain range is a kind of rough table land about 2000 feet lower than the summit of 
that mountain. On the west the mountain descends into the East Tennessee valley, which may 
be said to be about 4000 feet lower than the same point. The land on the top of the Roan is 
singularly free from tree growth, the Canada balsam coming to a certain elevation and there 
ceasing. The somewhat level top is covered with a luxuriant growth of grass. I give this 
description as preliminary to what I intend to relate. The hotel is on a plateau near a glen, 
between two peaks somewhat higher than the general top of the mountain. Several of the cat- 
tle-tenders on the mountain and also General Wilder had spoken to us about what they called 
"mountain music." One evening they said it was sounding loud, and Dr. D. T. Boynton, of 
Knoxville, Hon. J. M. Thomburgh, and myself, accompanied Gen. Wilder to the glen to hear 
it. The sound was very plain to the ear, and was not at all as described, like the humming of 



8 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



thousands of bees, but like the incessant, continuous and combined snap of two Leyden jars 
positively and negatively charged. I tried to account for' it on the theory of bees or flies, but 
the mountain people said it frequently occurred after the bees and flies had gone to their winter 
homes, or before they came out. It was always loudest and most prolonged just before there 
would be a thunder storm in either valley, or one passing over the mountain. I used every 
argument I could to persuade myself that it was simply the result of some common cause, and to 
shake the faith of the country people in its mysterious origin ; but I only convinced myself that 
it was the result from two currents of air meeting each other in the suck between the two peaks, 
where there were no obstruction of trees, one containing a greater, the other a less amount of 
electricity, or that the two currents coming together in the open plateau on the high elevation, 
by their friction, and being of different temperatures, generated electricity. The "mountain 
music " was simply the snapping caused by this friction and this generation of electricity. 
Many have noted the peculiar snapping hum to be observed in great auroral displays, particu- 
larly those of September, 1850, and February, 1872. 

As the amount of electricity in the air currents became equalized or surcharged, they, descend- 
ing to either side, caused the thunder storms usual every day in the valleys near the mountain, and 
sometimes immediately on the edge of the timber surrounding the great bald top. The air cur- 
rents of Western North Carolina mountains and the East Tennessee valley form an aerial tide, 
ebbing and flowing. The heated air of the valley rises from nine in the morning until three or 
four in the afternoon, making a slight easterly wind up and over the Roan mountain. As night 
comes-on the current turns back to the valley, almost invariably producing a very brisk gale by 
three or four o'clock in the morning, which, in its turn, dies down to a calm by seven, and com- 
mences to reverse by nine o'clock. This continual change of the currents of air makes it an 
impossibility for any great malarial scourge to exist in the East Tennessee valley, especially its 
northeastern end. 

The Roan mountain is one of the curiosities of nature. It is a part of the great range formed 
of metamorphic rocks which border on the true silurian formation from the Canadas to Alabama ; 
though not so high as the Black mountains, in th'e same county, it and many others of the same 
range present a peculiarity not known to those higher peaks of the eastern range. This pecu- 
liarity is the vast tracts of land entirely devoid of trees and mostly covered with a luxuriant 
grass, much loved by cattle. The highest range of the thermometer, by an accurate government 
instrument at the hotel during the past summer, \vas 74 . 

Henry E. Colton. 

Knoxyille, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1878. 

The peak of White Tup mountain marks the comer of the states of Tennessee, 
North Carolina and Virginia. It contains many of the famous Lashorne Pines, 
whose tops are so entwined and thick that men may and do walk on them with ease 
and without danger. One hundred miles west of White Top, on a peak of the 
Cumberland mountain, just in the verge of the wonderful field of mineral fuel which 
nature has stored for the use of future ages, as well as the present, is the corner 
stone that marks the meeting of the Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky line. The 
first is five thousand feet high, the latter nearly three thousand. Between is repre- 
sented every strata in the geologic progression, and every age of life of past ages, 
from the rich, massive foliage of the coal era, through the hundreds of shell forms 
to the massive granite, from which all forms of life are absent. 

The mountains on the Carolina border are metamorphic slates. Next to them is 
a series of ranges which are composed of a peculiar character of slates and conglom- 
erate rocks. Next the Chilhowee range, with its peculiar sandstone named Potsdam, 
from a mountain of that name in New York. The valley proper is an alternation 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



9 



of smaller valleys, and ridges, the former almost invariably limestone, though some- 
times slate ; of the latter, black oak, chestnut and copper ridges, are composed of a 
formation called by Prof. Safford the Knox dolomite, which has been decomposed, 
thus parting with its lime, and leaving particles of flint scattered over the soil. The 
valleys contiguous are usually of slates of the same formation, or of Niagara lime- 
stone. 

Pine ridge (called White Oak, near Ooltewah), belongs to the Niagara period, 
and are the same rocks as are found at Genesee Falls. Along the southern side of 
the mountain is found a very persistent bed of iron ore, known in New York as the 
Clinton ore. The valley on the southern side of this ridge is partially composed of 
sub-carboniferous limestone, and at some points shows a considerable width of black 
slate. 

The Clinch mountain is capped with a different sandstone, but has a similar valley 
at its southern base. The Gray and Red knobs are irregular masses of slates and 
limestone. 

MINERALS. 

The mineral wealth of East Tennessee compares favorably- with any State in this 
country. While it contains a great variety, including almost all the known metals, 
it abounds most in the most useful of them, as iron, copper, zinc, coal, etc. In that 
part of the Appalachian chain bordering Tennessee on the east, and running through 
' Western North Carolina, large amounts of magnetic and specular iron ores have 
been found in several localities, situated so that their outlet must be through East 
Tennessee. 

In the East Tennessee valley, between the Appalachian and Cumberland moun- 
tains, are several ridges containing great quantities of iron ore, mostly brown hema- 
tites, but occasionally red hematite, of excellent quality. Especially deserves to be 
mentioned the Chilhowee mountain range, where the quantity of brown hematite is 
very great. Fossiliferous red hematite occurs in several places, but most abundantly 
at the base of the Cumberland mountain, where this ore has been the main source 
for the manufacture of iron on a large scale for many years. 

The copper region, as far as known, is confined to a small scope of country within 
Tennessee, a part of Polk county. The mines have been worked extensively, but 
are by no means exhausted. They are located in a beautiful basin, surrounded by 
mountains, and are well worth a visit, even to the mere tourist for pleasure. The road 
up the Ocoee river affords some of the wildest and grandest scenery to be found 
anywhere. 

Zinc ore is found in considerable quantities throughout the valley of East Tennes- 
see, and especially on Powells and Clinch rivers, where this ore is now being mined 
quite extensively and shipped to zinc works in the Northern States. 

Lead is found in numerous places, as, near Jonesboro, on French Broad river, 
Big creek, near Sweetwater and Chatata, but not yet developed to any great extent. 



IO 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



Gold was worked formerly, with success, on Coco creek, Abrams creek, and other 
places. It has lately been reported that gold has been found near Wolf creek. 

The beautiful marble of East Tennessee is well known. Several quarries are now 
being worked quite extensively, especially the variegated kinds. 

Other minerals, as manganese, barytes, ochre, etc., are found in various places 
throughout the valley of East Tennessee, and mica is mined very extensively in 
North Carolina near the Tennessee border. Further developments may bring many 
or all these minerals to great importance in the future, but up to the present time 
iron and coal have been most developed. 

The output of the extensive coal mines at Coal creek this year is about 120,000 
tons. Chattanooga, Atlanta, Rome, Macon, Augusta, Ga., and Columbia, S. C, 
are now the principal markets for this coal, where it has unequaled reputation for 
grate, gas and manufacturing purposes. All the railroads in East Tennessee find 
this the best and cheapest fuel they can use. Large quantities are also shipped to 
Virginia for use on railroads. The veins of coal at Coal creek are from five to six 
feet thick, can be easily worked and cheaply drained. 

The city of Knoxville is in the center of this mineral wealth, and must eventually 
become the manufacturing as well as the commercial metropolis of East Tennessee. 
It has facilities for bringing together the coal and the ores of this mineral region at 
small cost. It is less than thirty miles from the coal, and the return coal cars which 
go to Knoxville from all directions empty, can be utilized to carry ores at low rates 
to Knoxville, and although at present there is but one completed line of railway 
through East Tennessee, connecting the coal fields and ore beds which are found 
all over this region, yet the managers of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia 
Railroad have made contracts, and will continue to contract for a long term of years 
for the delivery of both coal and ores at common points, at rates of freight as low 
as can be obtained where the most favorable competition exists. 

The recent completion of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad, and the prospect of 
further connections between Knoxville and Cincinnati and Louisville, greatly short- 
ens the distance to the best markets. 

Those interested on the subject are respectfully invited to obtain and read the 
treatise on " Knoxville as an Iron Center," issued by J. B. Killebrew, state com- 
missioner, .Nashville, Tennessee, and application to any officer of the East Tennes- 
see, Virginia and Georgia Railroad for information on same subject will be cheer- 
fully responded to and valuable information given. 

AGRICULTURE. 

The attractions of East Tennessee as a farming region are not less than those 
offered by its climate to the tourists and invalids ; with a southern latitude, its great 
elevation gives it a climate free from the extremes of either section, and its products 
are almost confined to those of more northern regions. The principal cereal is wheat, 
but every kind of grass and grain is produced. The following table, showing the 



i 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



shipments from line of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Ridlroad, for the 
year ending June 30th, 1879, gives a better idea of the character and quantity of 
productions than any other description would give : 





Pounds. 




Rounds . 








A iSl A T & 










Flour 






n TCI A 1(\ 




T 8 07 T C3Q 




aid ai a 


Wheat 


to \11 nc? 


( *"i v ripple 


2 278 764 


Oats 


3 862 217 


n Arcp? onn mil Ipc 


2 560 OOO 


Oflipr crrmn 


A ft? T "27 


Cattle 


6 726 000 










Eggs 


. . . I,6SO,7II 






Salt 




Hay 


1,217,825 




. . . . 1,793,275 












, .' • 348,139 






" unmanufactured . . 


. . 4,613,849 




• • ■ 244,574 




127,463 








■ •' 709,243 




• ■ • 164,765 ' 












. . 177,561,283 



The above by no means gives the extent of the productions of East Tennessee. 
Hundreds of thousands of bushels of grain are raised at points not contiguous to 
railroads, and find their way to Chattanooga on the rivers which furnish every por- 
tion of East Tennessee a cheap outlet, and they have no little influence in regulating 
freights on produce by rail, which are lower than on almost any other line situated 
similarly to the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad. 

It is a remarkable fact that the prices of land are lower and the prices of produce 
higher than in almost any other state. The great consuming states of Georgia and 
Alabama furnish a near and good market for all the productions, and thousands of 
hogs, cattle and mules from the rich French Broad valley and other valleys seek the 
Carolina markets only a few miles away. The completion of the North Carolina 
system of railroads to Asheville, and the connection of Asheville with the Morristown 
branch of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad, will unite the cattle 
and grain regions of East Tennessee with the cotton growing regions of the Carolinas. 
These connections, to be completed soon, only add to the advantages which East 
Tennessee already furnishes by lines now completed, which bring the markets of 
Georgia within only a few hours of any portion of East Tennessee. 

The limits of this pamphlet do not allow an extended description of the agricultu- 
ral and mineral resources of East Tennessee, and to all who desire further informa- 
tion on this subject, we refer by permission of the author to the exhaustive works of 
J. B. Killebrew, State Commissioner of Agriculture, Nashville, Tenn. His works 
give the fullest and most reliable information on every subject treated. The follow- 
ing publications have been issued from his office, and are distributed free : 

Report on the Little Sequatchie Coal Field. 

Report on the Ocoee and Hiwassce Mineral District. 

Report on the Agricultural and Mineral Wealth of Tennessee. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



Repoj-t on the Region of Country lying on Cincinnati Southern, and Knoxville &* Ohio Railroads. 

Treatise on Tobacco. 

Report on the Oil Regions of the State. 

Work on Sheep Husbandry. 

Work on the Grasses, Cereals and Forage Plants of Tennessee. 
Knoxville as an Iron Center. 

The only cities of East Tennessee are Kuoxville and Chattanooga. To the visitor 
approaching 

(Sjhaffanoo£|a, 

(or, in the Cherokee tongue, " The Eaglet Nest,") the tall' chimneys of its rolling 
mills and furnaces say at once that the manufacture of iron, is the chief business of 
the place ; but cotton mills and car works are springing up beside these establish- 




COURTHOUSE, CHATTANOOGA. 

ment?. The Roan Iron Company, who own the Rockwood furnaces, are engaged in 
making iron and steel rails. The buildings of the city, both for residence and 
business purposes, are substantial and in many cases elegant. On the top of 



GUIDE TO 



SUMMER 



R ESO R TS. 



13 



Lookout are numerous cottages and. hotels, open during the summer for the accom- 
modation of visitors. An excellent road leads from the city to the top of the moun- 
tain, a distance of six miles. From the summit of Lookout point may be seen the 
Valley of Tennessee winding among the lesser hills which appear from the great 
hight of the observatory to be level plain?. That curious point directly at your 
feet, made by the winding of the Tennessee, is called " Moccasin bend." Eastward and 
southeastward Missionary ridge appears ; as a blue line north and west rise range 
after range of mountains until the great Cumberland springs up and forbids the eye 
further vision. To the southwest extends Lookout and the Great Sand mountains 
and the richly cultivated valleys of Alabama and Georgia. It is said that six states 
may be seen from this point. 

This comparatively old and positively beautiful city is situated on the Tennessee 
river about midway between Chattanooga and Bristol, and may be considered the 
head of steamboat navigation, although occasionally steamboats run seventy-five to 




KNOXVILLE BUSINESS HOUSES. 



one hundred miles above Knoxville, on the French Broad and the Holston, which 
two rivers unite to form the Tennessee about four miles above the city. The enter- 
prise of its wholesale merchants and manufacturers has built up a very large trade, 



14 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



greatly surpassing that of any other city in Tennessee of the same size, and rivaling 
much larger places. The business houses are large and substantia], and give it an 
air of permanence and solidity. The Knoxville and Augusta Railroad is completed 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



15 



from this point to M.iryville, sixteen miles; the Knoxvilie and Ohio to Careyville, 
thirty-nine miles, leaving a gap of about twenty miles to perfect the connection with 
the Cincinnati Southern Railroad. The Knoxvilie and Ohio Railroad supplies 
Knoxvilie with coal from Coal creek and Carevville. 



I 




CUSTOMHOUSE, KN0XV1I.LE. 



As a summer residence for southern people or a winter residence for visitors from 
more northern states, or as a permanent home for both, Knoxvilie offers unsurpassed 
inducements. It has excellent public and private schools, numerous churches, some 
of which are elegant specimens of internal arrangement and of architectural design. 
Its United States Courthouse and Postoffice is a fine white structure, built of marble 
quarried near the city. The Deaf and Dumb School, a state institute, is beauti- 
fully located in the city, and excellently managed. On its surrounding hills are 
many tasteful and beautiful residences in the midst of grounds equally as tasteful 
and beautiful. 

The landscape as viewed from University hill, or Fort Saunders, is truly lovely and 
grand. The eye reaches across the state of Tennessee to the blue mountains which 
divide us from i^orth Carolina. The Tennessee river runs rapidly at the base of the 



i6 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



hill. AVe see the Cumberland and Clinch mountains to the north, and the Smoky 
mountains on the Carolina line to the south, while between these great ranges are 
innumerable hills, and mountains and lovely valleys covered with forests or highly 
cultivated farms. One of these farms, including an island in the river, and several 
hundred acres of highly cultivated uplands, lies in plain view of the city, and is 
owned by Perez Dickinson, Esq., a most enterprising citizen of Knoxville, and is, 
by invitation from its hospitable proprietor, visited by hundreds of people yearly, 
who admire its great fertility and beauty, and bear daily witness to the genial cour- 
tesy of its owner. 

Mr. Killebrew, in his R-sourcfS of Tennessee, says : " For healthf'ulness the loca- 
tion of Knoxville could scarcely be improved ; it stands on a series of hills abutting 
the right bank of the Tennessee river, and traversed by two small, rapid streams, 
known as First and Second creeks. By means of these two creeks, the surface 
drainage of the city is almost perfect. Tne peculiar formation of the surrounding 
mountains and r.dges so direct and temper the winds as to keep the city thoroughly 
ventilated at all times. The anemometer on the Univeisity is scarcely ever still, 
and yet it is hardly probable that the city will ever be visiied by a very destructive 
storm such as sometimes visits other cities in the State ; neither can it ever suffer 
loss of property or be mide unhealthy, by an overflow. The elevation of the city 
may be stated as one thousand feet above the sea level. Tne climate is truly tem- 
perate, neither the long dreary winter of the Northern states, nor the equally long 
and burning summer of the Southern states ; all things combine to insure the health- 
fulness of Knoxville, while the transcendent baauty and picturesqueness of the 
scenery give it attractions beyond any city in the United States as a place of resi- 
dence." 

We know of no place that possesses so many delightful drives on good roads and 
such beautiful natural scenery. It is the place of rest for the excursionist, who is 
undecided as to his future movements. Montvale Springs, Warm Springs, Tate's 
Mineral Hill, Austin's and other mineral springs are all reached in a few hours ; or, 
if the traveler desires to remain, he may find a resting place for himself or his 
family ready to receive him with opan-handed hospitality in one of the many quiet 
city, suburban or country homes. Tne springs more easily reached from Knoxville 
are Montvale, nine miles from Maryville, on the Knoxville and Augusta Railroad ; 
Lea's, sixteen miles from Kuoxville and nine miles from McMillan's, the first station 
east of Knoxville ; Careyville, thirty-nine miles from Knoxville on the Knoxville 
and Ohio Railroad, which boasts some excellent arrangements for the entertainment 
of summer visitors; Oliver's Springs, near Clinton, on the same road, is also exten- 
sively patronized. 

The manufactories of Knoxville are principally confined to car wheels, iron in 
ali its forms, saddlery, of which there are several large and prosperous establish- 
ments, one tobacco factory, and its wholesale merchandise trade extends beyond the 
limits of East Tennessee into Georgia and Alabama. 




2 



i8 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



At Knoxville is situated the University of Tennessee, which comprises three 
Colleges, the Agricultural, the Mechanical and the Classical, with a large number of 
students and^a competent corps of instructors. 




UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE. 



By the law of Congress, under which the Industrial Colleges are organized, the 
institution has been made a Military School. Thorough discipline, and thorough 
instruction in drill and in military science is secured. 



The following is a short description of some of the principal stations on the line 
of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad : 

The population of this place is about two thousand ; and the town is noted for its 
elegant residences. Its streets are well shaded and its sidewalks good. A court- 
house in a neatly enclosed public square attracts the eye, whilst the town boasts, 
among other edifices, an Episcopal church, not surpassed in architectural beauty in 
the State, and a commodious and well appointed Opera House. The hotel accom- 
modations are good, and good private boarding may be obtained at cheap rates. 
Many beautiful valleys extend through Bradley county. The Chilhowee and Unaka 
mountains are visible to the south. The Ducktown Copper Mines are distant about 
forty miles, the road to which passes for twenty miles along the Ocoee river through 
picturesque scenery. 

Is twelve miles from Cleveland on the west bank of the Hiwassee river, a rapid 
mountain stream falling into the Tennessee about twenty miles below, and which is 
spanned here by a new and substantial iron bridge. The town has a population of 
about five hundred, and enjoys a growing trade. On the east side of the river is 
the village of Calhoun. It is noted for its good schools and good society. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



19 



Eight miles from Charleston, is a small village of three hundred inhabitants. It is 
a pleasantly located town, and a depot for the accommodation of a thriving neigh- 
borhood. 

Is seven miles from Riceville, and midway between Knoxville and Chattanooga. It 
numbers one thousand inhabitants, and is the seat of the East Tennessee Wesleyan 
University. For pure air and water, and grand and picturesque scenery, the town 
is unsurpassed ; it is also justly celebrated for the culture, intelligence and morals of 
its citizens. Athens has three hotels, a live newspaper, edited by the veteran of the 
press, Sam. P. Ivins, two livery stables and a stage line to Rhea Springs and White 
Cliff Springs. 

A nourishing town in the Sweetwater Valley. The surrounding country is noted 
for its productions, and for its wealthy farmers and comfortable farm houses. There 
are no more fertile farms in Tennessee than may be found in this valley. The 
town has many substantial buildings, a large hotel and a park of old forest trees 
between the business portion of the town and the railroad. 

On the bank of the Tennessee river, and in the midst of the same rich, undulating 
country. The river is crossed at this point on a Howe Truss bridge about one 
thousand eight hundred feet long. Steamboats ply all the year between Loudon 
and Kingston, a thriving village on the Clinch, near its confluence with the Ten- 
nessee. Loudon has a good trade with the surrounding country, and large quantities 
of grain are brought to that point by Tennessee river steamers, both from above and 
below. For several miles now the road closely follows the Tennessee in its windings, 
giving very picturesque views of the river, the fertile farms and rugged hills, and 
grassy knolls. We ride six miles through this beautiful country and come to 

Named after Lenoir Brothers, who own a large tract of land at this place, extending 
along the road for several miles. The same parties own and operate a cotton and 
extensive flour mill. There is no better cultivated or finer farm in the State of 
Tennessee than this. 

Through the gap in the hills as we resume our journey the peaks of the Chilhowee 
mountain are visible and the landscape as lovely as can be imagined. 

©oncort). 

Eight miles from Lenoir's is Concord, also near the Tennessee river. It is a small 
town of two or three hundred inhabitants in the midst of a beautiful farming 
country. 



20 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



Fifteen miles to the south of Knoxville, on the Knoxville and Augusta Kailroad, 
is a pretty town near and in full view of the Chilhowee Mountains ; it is, also, the 
seat of the Maryville College. 

Sixteen miles east of Knoxville the Tennessee river is crossed again at 

And the increasing rapidity of this river, and other streams indicate that we are 
gradually attaining a greater elevation. We approach nearer some of the mountain 
ranges. House mountain, which appears like a sugar loaf from Knoxville, here 
takes the form of the abrupt end of a great ridge ; nine miles more and we come to 

A very pretty little village nestled among the hills; like many other small towns in 
East Tennessee, it has its college, and the effect of its educational facilities is seen 
in the intelligence and culture of its people. From this point stages run regularly to 



Twelve miles distant. This pretty village was named in honor of Martha Dandridge, 
who is better known to the world as the widow Custis, who became the wife of the 
great Washington. 




MOSSY CREEK BRIDGE, 



Four miles from New Market we come to 

1£Uo£>&]y (Sreeh. 

The stream from which this place takes its name, is four miles long and affords 
power for twelve mills and factories, which are kept constantly busy. The source 
of this creek is Sulphur Spring, noted for its cures of dyspepsia. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



2 I 




A SUMMER BOARDING HOUSE AT MOSSY CREEK. 



'Thirteen miles from Mossy Creek. This is a town of some importance ; it is the 
county seat of Hamblen county, and contains a population of two thousand. Here 
the main line is tapped by the Morristown branch, which extends forty miles to the 
south to Wolf creek, a short distance from the North Carolina line. It is expected 
that the entire line from Wolf creek to Asheville will be completed within the year. 
Morristown shares a large trade from the branch road, also from neighboring counties, 
extending even to the Virginia line. This is the nearest point to Cumberland Gap, 
which is thirty-nine miles distant; it is also the nearest point to Tate's and Mineral 
Hill Springs, which are ten miles distant, and are reached by stages. Passengers for 
Warm Springs, North Carolina, take the Morristown branch at this point. Of 

OSBean 1 © i&fafitm l^aUeg, 

In which Tate's and Mineral Hill and many other Springs are situated, Prof. Kille- 
brew, State Geologist, says: "This valley is one of the most beautiful spots in the 
world, so pronounced by the visitor and traveler, without exception. From what- 
ever direction approached the fact is at once recognized and conceded. Seen from 
the passage of the lofty Clinch with the distant elevation of four states on the hori- 
zon, the myriads of intervening hills appearing like the broken waves of avast ocean 
in tempestuous agitation, it lies below wrapt in all those charms of landscape loveli- 



22 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



ness which are so pleasant and soothing to sensibility — a scene of peace, a home of 
rest and health. The valley is now visited during the summer by large numbers of 
persons from many states, on account of its mineral waters. There are not less than 
twenty of these mineral springs within easy reach, and the actual experience of 
hundreds of invalids has demonstrated that they possess curative properties of won- 
derful efficacy. These waters — with the accessories of easy transit in several lines of 
hacks from the railroad ten miles distant, daily mails, splendid drives, pure air, rural 
quiet, pleasing scenery and abundant facilities for innocent amusement, and the most 
wholesome country fare, together with their spacious hotels, supplied with every con- 
venience and comfort — have rare attractions to the sick and weary and the fugitives 
from infection and pestilence." 

Four miles from Russelville, a growing town, drawing business from a considerable 
distance ; a shipping point for the variegated marble of Hawkins county. 

'^Jtoujerstnlle function. 

A small village where passengers for Eogersville change cars. It contains a com- 
fortable hotel, near the railroads. From this point to Rogersville, fourteen miles, is 
the Rogersville and Jefferson Railroad. 

Rogersville, the county seat of Hawkins county, East Tennessee, is one of the 
most beautiful and attractive towns of the South. It is the terminus of the Rogers- 
ville and Jefferson Railroad, over which daily trains are run, and possesses the advan- 
tages of daily mails and express. Within the past year a new bridge has been 
built over the Holston river, and the road-bed and rolling stock have been much 
improved, so that the traveling public can rely upon safe and comfortable convey- 
ance. Persons going to Rogersville leave the E. T., V. & G. R. R. at Rogersville 
Junction, a small station fifty-six miles east of Knoxville. Situated at an elevation 
of one thousand five hundred feet above the level of the sea, with a succession of 
beautiful hills hemming it in upon the north and the south, and a broad valley 
stretching away to the east and the west, Rogersville is confessedly one of the cool- 
est and most delightful summer retreats in the South. In its immediate vicinity are 
to be found sulphur, alum, epsom and chalybeate waters of a superior quality, and 
from the summits of the hills skirting its suburbs, landscapes of rare grandeur and 
beauty are to be seen. The surrounding country with its extended woods and fields, 
and the Holston river running within three miles of the town, affords fine sport for 
the gunner and angler. Along its well paved streets are handsome residences, attrac- 
tive stores, commodious churches and splendid educational establishments. Rogers- 
ville presents advantages and conveniences which add greatly to the comfort and 
pleasure of the summer tourist. Her people are known for their intelligence, culture 
and hospitality. Two large hotels, the spacious Female College Building, and numer- 
ous private houses afford ample and comfortable entertainment at from sixteen to 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



23 



twenty dollars per month. Desirable accommodations can be had in the adjacent 
country, and within a few miles of Rogersville upon reasonable terms. 
The following letter from a visitor gives it deserved praise : 

Memphis, Tenn., February 20, 1879. 
Dear Sir — It is with pleasure that I see you are directing public attention to the claims of 
East Tennessee as a place for summer enjoyment and recuperation. I, with my wife, spent two 
months of last summer in Rogersville. Never was enjoyment more complete. The pure air, the 
diversified scenery, the lofty hills, rich with bushes and wild plants, often of rare beauty, and the 
well paved streets and quiet order of Rogersville, itself, were gratifying aids to enjoyment, and 
unsurpassable in their generous effect upon the personal health. I have wandered in Canada, 
Nova Scotia, Manitoba, and other places, but I never found so many quiet, healthy, enjoyable 
pleasures, combined with as little cost, as in East Tennessee. Boarding at the hotel was from 
twelve to fifteen dollars per month. For the latter sum I had excellent and plentiful board, light 
and fire, and the kindest attention from the landlord, Mr. Armstrong, and his amiable family, 
and that cleanliness and care that made my hotel my home, with home comforts and enjoyments 
around me. Yours respectfully, Wm. Rosselle, 

Commercial Editor Memphis Appeal. 

Eleven miles from Midway, seventy-four from Knoxville, fifty-six from Bristol, is a 
pretty town, the county seat of Green county. Population fifteen hundred. It has 
four hotels and ten churches, and was the residence of the late President Andrew 




ANDREW JOHNSON'S GRAVE. 

Johnson. On a hill in a beautiful location, and visible from the railroad, near the 
town are his grave and monument. From the railroad may also be seen a fine and 
very extensive mountain view. Greenville does a good business, and is one of the 
most enterprising towns in East Tennessee. 



24 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



Another small town in a high, hilly and very fertile region. Through the gaps are 
seen some of the finest views of the surrounding mountains. Extensive shipments 
of barytes are made from this pi ice. 




GAP NEAR KUXLEN'S. 

,-SHmesfone, 

On a creek of the same name, is in a fine wheat country, and within a short distance 
of the station is a large number of flour mills. The village has some good accom- 
modations for visitors and the surrounding country has many attractions. At this 
point during the war a sanguinary skirmish took place, in which the troops on both 
sides were for the most part East Tennesseeans. 

Is the county seat of Washington county, the oldest county in the state — 1877 was 
its centennial year. Killebrew, State Geologist, says of it : " It was first settled by 
pioneers from Virginia, who supposed the country to be within the limits of the Old 
Dominion. They named their county in honor of a rising young surveyor and 
militia officer, Colonel Washington. This Virginia Colonel afterward became the 
leader of the American Colonists in the Revolution, but this county attests the 
appreciation of his early friends for his virtues long before he became 'first in the 
hearts of his countrymen.' One third of the area of this county is covered by 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



25 



mountains and its southern boundary runs along the highest peak- of the X. nakas — 
among which is the Great Bald, five thousand five hundred and fifty feet above the 
level of the sea ; there are also other prominent peaks over five thousand feet high. 
These towering bights give a sublimity and picturesqueness to the landscape and 
temper the winds of summer with a delicious coolness." 

Jonesboro was laid off in 1779 and is the oldest town in the state, and its first 
capital. The town is built among the hills and is exceedingly healthy ; it is one 
thousand seven hundred and thirty-four feet above the sea level. Its railroad eating 
bouse and hotel, kept by James Sevier, has a first-class reputation. 

Johnson's, 

A thriving town of one thousand two hundred inhabitants. Elevation fifteen hun- 
dred feet above the sea. King's .Springs one and a half mile distant. This is the 
nearest point to Roan mountain, the highest mountain in the United States east of 




WATAUGA RIVER AT CARTER'S. 



the R'icky mountains, hight six thousand three hundred and sixty-seven feet. It is 
also the nearest point to Bakersville, North Carolina, and its numerous mica mines ; 
it is in a very fertile and very attractive region, with unusual facilities in the neigh- 
borhood fur fishing and hunting. The hotel and private boarding accommodations 
are good. 

A railroad will be built speedily from this point to the celebrated Cranberry iron 
fields, thirty miles distant to the southeast. Tnis ore is valuable for making steel, 



26 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



and has a national reputation. It is found in large quantities, and it is believed the 
development of this region will result in the erection of iron furnaces at Knoxville, 
and that the ore will be shipped in large quantities to Chattanooga and other points. 

This line will also open up a region unsurpassed for beauty and wildness of moun- 
tain scenery, and for a cool, healthy and invigorating climate. It will penetrate to 
the base of the Unakas, and give easy access to Roan mountain and other interesting 
points. The railroad will be built by Philadelphia parties who own the mineral lands, 
with large assistance from the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad. 

Five miles from Johnson's, on the Watauga. This river is a rapid mountain stream 
and furnishes immense and valuable water power ; is not used, however, to its fullest 
capacity. Here we cross the Watauga river and obtain a beautiful view of the river 
and mountains. To the south, near this place, is 




HOLSTON RIVER AT UNION. 



Bristol, 

The eastern terminus of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad, and in 
the states of Tennessee and Virginia. It is a point of great altitude, and is blessed 
with a healthy and agreeable climate. The summer days are never excessively hot, 
and the nights are always cool. Around it is an amphitheatre of mountains of a 
most beautiful blue. The city is well provided with hotels and private boarding 
houses, and every facility for making summer visitors comfortable. 



A. DESCEIPTION 



OF THE PRINCIPAL 



MINERAL SPRINGS OF EAST TENNESSEE. 



VIRGINIA HOUSE, 

BRISTOL, TENN. 

Thirty-five rooms ; $25 per month. Rooms large and comfortable ; situation 
good ; surroundings pleasant, high, healthy and cool ; noted for good fare. 

J. G. Wood, Proprietor. 

KING'S SPRINGS, 

Situated one and a half miles from Johnson City, in the midst of the grandest 
mountain scenery of East Tennessee. Water chalybeate and freestone. Hacks 
meet all trains. Good fishing in Watauga river. Board per month, $18 ; two 
months, $35 ; three months, $45. Address 

John T. King, 
Johnson City, Carter Co., Tenn. 



R. Kid well, Carter's Depot, Tenn.; hotel and livery stable. Will accommodate 
some boarders at reasonable rates. 



AUSTIN'S SPRINGS. 

As a resort for fishing and sporting ours are unsurpassed. Those fond of fishing 
can find an endless amusement taking the game fishes known as the black and rock 



28 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



bass. Pleasure boats furnished for the purpose. Those fond of gunning will find 
abundance of small game. 

The Springs are very strong chalybeate, and as to the medicinal qualities, will 
refer you to our circular giving analysis of water, etc., which will be furnished upon 
application. 




AUSTIN'S SPRINGS. 



ACCOMMODATIONS, BOARD, ETC. 

We intend shall be first-class in every respect, making it our whole aim to build up 
the character of the place by furnishing our guests such luxuries at the table and 
about the house as can be excelled by none. 

The proprietors intend to conduct the affairs about the place in a strictly moral 
manner, not having their premises cursed with a whisky saloon. 

Our bowling alley, croquet ground, boats for rowing and fishing, and a variety of 
other amusemeuts, will be in first class order, and free to guests. We will have a 
good supply of saddle horses for the accommodation of our guests at reasonable 
prices. 

A postoffice, with a daily mail through the summer, is established at the Springs, 
and a telegraph office at Carter's depot, East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Rail- 
road, from which point there is a daily hack to the Springs. 

Rates per month, $25 ; for three months, $55. Address 

F. H. Austin & Bro., 
Austin's Springs, Washington Co., East Term. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



29 



CLOUDLAND, 

Au unequaled summer resort, top of Roan mountain, 6367 feet above the sea. 
Come up out of the sultry plains to the " Land of the Sky." Magnificent views 
above the clouds where the rivers are born. A paradise for the artist, the tourist, 
and the invalid. The most beautiful mountain top in the world. A grassy prairie 
of a thousand acres covered with the loveliest of flowers. Great cliffs from 500 to 
1000 feet high. The mpst delicate ferns, mosses, lichens, and other Alpine plantst 
Clear, cold, (slightly chalybeate) water, only 13 degrees above freezing. Mountain 
streams teeming with speckled trout. Summer temperature from 55 to 70 degrees. 
The highest human habitation east of the Rocky mountains. A health resort. 
Exemption from hay fever, asthma and catarrh.. Persons suffering from general 
debility, lung difficulties, bronchitis or other throat troubles, will find immediate 
relief and permanent benefit. 

How to get there — Stages leave Johnson's, on the East Tennessee, Virginia and 
Georgia Railroad, on Mondays, AVednesdays and Fridays. Returning, leave Cloud- 
land Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Fare each way, with sixty pounds of 
baggage, $3 ; distance, 32 miles. Special rates and coupon tickets, includiug stage 
fare, from all principal points on railroads connecting with the East Tennessee, Vir- 
ginia and Georgia Railroad. 

Terms — $2 per day, $10 per week, $30 per month (4 weeks). Fires in private 
rooms extra. 

Cloudland Hotel is a comfortable building, furnished in a plain, but substantial 
manner. The fare is first-class. Daily mails. 

L. B. Searle, Proprietor. 
Postoffice — Cloudland, Mitchell Co., N. C. Telegraph office — Johnsons, Tenn. 

TATE EPSOM SPRING. 

This celebrated Spring, ten miles north of Morristown, a station on the line of the 
East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad, is now conceded to be the most relia- 
ble and efficient, as a curative agent, of all the mineral waters in America. 

The Bean Station valley, in which it is situated, lying at the southern base of 
Clinch mountain, is well known for the purity and salubrity of its atmosphere, and 
no less for the beauty of its scenery. 

The use of the water has proved wonderfully beneficial in all the forms of diseases 
of the stomach, bowels, liver and kidneys. In functional disorders of the nervous 
system, induced by overwork, imprudent and exhaustive habits, and other influences 
incidental to modern life, its effects have been very happy. It is seldom that gentle 
sleep, nature's sweet restorer, is here wooed in vain. 

The Clinchdale and other springs, in the immediate vicinity, and of easy access, 
furnish to those who desire variety and change of water, chalybeate, sulphur and 
alum water in all their forms in great abundance. 



3Q 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



The hotel is open for the reception of visitors during the entire year. It is kept 
in good condition, and affords all the amusements and pleasures that are usually 
found at a watering place. The hotel and other buildings have been greatly extended 
and improved since the last season, new furniture added, and many other improve- 
ments. Accommodations for hundreds. 

A first-class brass and string band will enliven the lawns and the ball room. 

The table a specialty. Daily mail. Telegrams and express packages properly 
cared for and promptly delivered. Round-trip tickets from all points can be pro- 
cured, and baggage checked through to the springs. 

Comfortable hacks make connection with all trains at Morristown, Tennessee, and 
passengers should take the regular, authorized mail-line hack. 

The terms during the present season, except when special rates for families are 
contracted for, will be as follows : April and May, $30 per month ; June, July, 
August and September, $35 per month ; other months, $25 per month. 

For circular, containing analysis, &c, address 

Thos. Tomlinson, 
Tate Spring, Granger Co., East Term. 



BEAN'S STATION HOTEL, 
(mineral hill springs). 

One mile from Tate's Springs. Large' airy rooms. Daily line hacks to Morristown. 
Ten pin alley and billiard table. Special and low rates given on application to 

Mrs. N. A. McFarland, 
Bean's Station, Granger Co., Tenn. 

HALE'S SPRINGS, 

NEAR ROGERSVILLE, TENNESSEE. 

Red and white sulphur, in wild, mountain region. Good, but plain accommoda- 
tions. Daily hacks from Rogersville. Address for terms 

Proprietor Hale's Springs, 
Hawkins Co., Tenn. 

CAIN HOTEL, 

MORRISTOWN, TENNESSEE. 

An excellent house, enlarged and improved. T. C. Cain, Proprietor. 



ATKIN HOUSE, 

KNOXVILLE, TENN. 

Convenient to railroads. Thompson & Co., Proprietors. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 31 



WARM SPRINGS, 

MADISON COUNTY, WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA. 

The undersigned beg leave to announce to the great public of summer tourists, 
health and pleasure seekers, and to invalids and sufferers of all seasons, that they have 
jointly taken a new and extended lease on this justly celebrated southern summer and 
winter resort, and that the mammoth hotel will be open all the year round. 

The capacity of the Warm Springs Hotel has been increased by the addition of one 
hundred new rooms. This improvement comprises a western extension, 650 feet 
long, three stories high, verandas to every floor, extending the entire length of the 
new building. 

An entire outfit of new and elegant furniture has been purchased for the new 
extension, and the hotel throughout has been renovated and refurnished ; presenting 
a hotel outfit, for accommodation of a thousand guests, unsurpassed at any summer 
and winter resort in the country. 

The Warm Springs, in a fertile valley of more than a thousand acres of almost 
perfectly level land, on the French Broad river, near the Tennessee line, are sur- 
rounded on all sides by the highest mountain ranges east of the Mississippi river, 
presenting some of the most magnificent scenery m the United States. Points of 
interest, and places of delightful resort, mountain elevations from which the tourist 
views the extended ranges of the Blue Ridge and Alleghany mountains, looking 
into six different states, all presenting nature's finest panorama, are in close proxim- 
ity to the hotel, and none beyond a half day's ride. In its local surroundings, scenery, 
salubrity of climate, altitude, and perpetual freedom from fogs, dampness, and insect 
pests, this resort has no superior, and few, if any, equals in America. 

The Warm Springs baths are recommended in the treatment of the following dis- 
eases, and in most cases of chronig complaint will be found effectual : rheumatism, 
gout, stiff joints, spinal diseases, sciatica, lumbago, paralysis, St. Vitus' dance, and 
all neuralgias and nervous affections ; Bright's disease, diabetes, goitre, specific locom- 
otor ataxy ; spurious vaccinations, and all blood poisons, alcoholism, and the use and 
abuse of opiates ; all diseases of the kidneys and bladder ; uterine diseases, as a 
class, especially sterility and climateric ills ; all cutaneous diseases, scrofula, ulcera- 
tions and enlargements of the glands, catarrh or ozena, in all forms ; general phys- 
ical debility and mental exhaustion ; malarial poison, and every form of liver com- 
plaint ; syphilis, mercurial syphilis, and all Jypes of mercurial ills, together with such 
chronic diseases where alternant and eliminative agency affords relief. . 

The hotel accommodations are first-class in every respect ; in point of rooms, 
upholstery, outfit, table-fare and general accommodations, vastly superior to those of 
any summer resort south of Long Branch and Cape May. Music, dancing, brass 
and string bands, boating, fishing and hunting, riding and driving, bowling alleys and 
billiard tables, bathing and mountain rambling, with all the pleasures and diversions 
peculiar to watering places, are at the constant command of guests. 

Accessible by Tennessee system of railroads to Wolf creek, within eight miles, 
connecting with an elegant line of daily stage coaches. 



32 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



Send for a descriptive circular containing rates of board and full inform ition of 
this famous health and pleasure resort. 

Wm. H. Howerton, M. D., of Raleigh, N. C. 
M. C. Klein, of Vicksburg, Miss. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



33 



WHITE CLIFF MINERAL SPRINGS. 

This celebrated summer resort for health and pleasure is situated on top of the 
Chilhowee mountains, sixteen miles southeast of Athens, the county seat of McMinn 
County, East Tennessee, located on the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Kail- 
road. The hotel and springs are three thousand feet above the sea level, above the 
dew point, in a pure and very invigorating atmosphere, and from which are afforded 
extended views in valleys and streams beneath, and mountain ranges beyond of 
landscape and scenery of surpassing beauty. 




WHITE CLIFF SPRINGS HOTEL. 



In the surrounding forests are deer, pheasant, turkey and other game, while the 
Conesauga, which flows around the base of the mountain, abounds in fish. The 
springs are chalybeate, alum, sulphur and freestone, containing a large amount of 
magnesia, bicarbonate and florine in combination. A well supplied livery stable is 
kept for the accommodation of guests, and all usual facilities for amusement and 
recreation are convenient. 

There are many points of interest such as Bullet Falls, White Cliff, Black Cliff, 
North Point, Belle view, City of Bocks, etc., which add to the sublimity and natu- 
ral attractions of the immediate locality. 

The accommodations afford room and comfort for four hundred persons. The 
hotel is complete in all its appointments, and will open for the reception of guests 
on the first day of June, and every exertion is used to make this one of the most 
delightful summer resorts. 

3 



34 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



The proprietor of these springs is now also proprietor of the Bridges House, loca- 
ted immediately at the railroad depot at Athens, Tenn., where he can accommodate 
a much larger number of guests, and with superior local advantages to the house 
at Mouse creek heretofore kept by him in connection with these springs. 




WHITE CLIFF. 



Daily line of excellent stages, with mails, connect from the Bridges House to the 
springs over a good road. Stage fare one way $2 ; round trip, $3. Telegraphic 
communication with the springs has been changed to Athens. 

Rates of Board — Per day, $2 ; per week, $9 ; per month (30 days), $30. Special 
rates to families and parties. 

Address J. H. Magill (late of Mouse creek), Proprietor. 

White Cliff Springs and Bridges House, Athens, Tenn. 

YELLOW OR BIRD'S SPRINGS, 

SEVIER COUNTY, TENN. 

Fourteen miles from Dandridge, twelve miles from Newport. A new resort in 
the midst of the Unaka mountains. Chalybeate springs. Accommodations for one 
hundred persons. Ballroom, piano, good fare and accommodations. Pates, $15 per 
month. For further information, address J. A. Woodsides, 

Dandridge, Tenn. 



GUIDE TO S U M M E R R ESO R T S. 



35 



DOYLE'S SPRINGS, 

SEVIER COUNTY, TENN., 

Twenty-two miles southeast of Knoxville in the Bluff mountains. Chalybeate, sul- 
phur and freestone water. Can accommodate fifty. Reached by hacks from Knox- 
ville. 

MONTVALE SPRINGS. 

A favorite watering place, nine miles by stage from Maryville Station, Knoxville 
and Augusta Railroad. The names of proprietors for this season have not yet been 
announced. Address 

Proprietors Montvaee Springs, 

East Tennessee, 

MOUNT NEBO SPRINGS, 

On Chilhowee mountains, three thousand feet above the sea level. Grand view of 
East Tennessee valley and the Unaka mountains, nine miles by stage from Mary- 
ville Station, Knoxville and Augusta Railroad. Fine fishing in the Little Tennes- 
see river. Chalybeate and freestone water. Accommodations good, but plain. 
Address John Miller, Proprietor, 

Mount Nebo Springs, Blount Co., Tenn. 

LAMAR HOUSE, 

knoxville, tenn. 

Convenient to the business portion of city. John Scherf, Proprietor. 

CAREYVILLE, 

ANDERSON COUNTY, TENN. 

Railroad station and postoffice. Terminus of Knoxville and Ohio Railroad. 
High, cool and healthy. Good board can be obtained for $16 per month for a large 
number. 

CAREYVILLE HOTEL. 

Shady walks, sulphur, chalybeate and alum springs in vicinity. Farm in con- 
nection with hotel. Board $3 to $4 per week. Special terms to families. 

Fr. de Tarvernier, Proprietor. 

LEA'S SPRINGS, 

GRANGER county. 

This beautiful watering place, situated in a dell of Clinch mountains, is ten 
degrees colder than Knoxville in the warmest weather. The virtue of its waters, 
chalybeate, black and white sulphur, are unsurpassed for dyspepsia, kidney, liver 



36 GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



and scrofulous affections. Terms — Per day, $1 ; per week, $6; per month, $20. 
Children under twelve and servants half price. Daily hacks will be run from 
McMillins and Knoxville. W. H. Bates, Proprietor, 

Blains X Roads. 

OCOEE HOUSE, 

CLEVELAND, TENN., 

A spacious and well furnished three-story brick hotel, capable of accommodating 
fifty guests in addition to regular boarders, with P. Layne as proprietor, is located 
on public square, in center of the town, and the 

DELANO HOUSE, 

A commodious, airy building, complete in all details, with George R. Hatcher as 
proprietor, is located near the depot and the railway eating house. 

These hotels are unsurpassed in East Tennessee for good fare, comfortable rooms, 
reasonable terms and courteous landlords. Large numbers of refugees made their 
stay with them heretofore, and were charmed at their treatment. Special rates to 
families and those spending the summer. 

The livery stables of Messrs. Gate & Wood and Mr. W. M. Gate keep good stock, 
and a supply of buggies and hacks at very reasonable terms. 

A drive of only three miles from this town to 

WATERVILLE, 

A resort famous for its lakes, with pleasure boats thereon, its islands, groves, hills 
and picnic grounds. The noted Ladd's Springs are but a short drive from here. 

First class board can also be obtained in private families and boarding houses in 
this place at reasonable terms. 

Cleveland, with its two hotels and numerous boarding houses, can accommodate 
five hundred guests. 




THE experience of last season demonstrated the attractiveness of East Tennessee 
rural resorts to Southern visitors, and while the business of public resorts and 
fashionable watering places was largely increased, still larger numbers found summer 
homes in the numerous villages and farm houses near the line of the East Tennessee, 
Virginia and Georgia Railroad. 

The following information is given for the benefit of those who wish to avoid the 
fashionable resorts, and to find pleasant, comfortable and cheap accommodations in 
the country. 

BRISTOL, TENN. 

(Express, Telegraph and Postoffice.) 

W. G. Taylor has a quiet, roomy house, four rooms ; can accommodate eight to 
ten people ; plenty grass and shade. Price per month, $16 to $20. 

Capt. J, W. Montague has three rooms ; can accommodate two families ; pleasant 
surroundings ; forest grove near the house. Price per month, $16 to $18. Children 
under twelve, half price. 

F. D. Pemberton, Holston valley postoffice, Sullivan county, Tenn., nine miles 
from Bristol, near the Holston river ; can accommodate six or eight persons at 
reasonable terms. 

UNION, SULLIVAN CO., TENN. 

(Railroad Station and Postoffice.) 

A. H. Burroughs, Union, has four large rooms. Can accommodate ten to twelve 
boarders at $12 per month. Children half price. Good fishing and boating in the 
Holston. High and healthy mountain region. 

E. S. Worley, two miles from Union, on Holston river, has two large and com- 
fortable rooms. Will accommodate four persons at $15 per month. Very pleasant 
location; freestone water; near chalybeate springs. Half mile from the famous 
Morrell's cave. 



38 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



CARTERS, CARTER CO., TENN. 

(Express, Telegraph and rostoffice.) 

D. N. Reese has four rooms. Can accommodate ten at $15 per month. Near 
good chalybeate and sulphur springs. Good fishing in the Watauga and hunting 
in near forests. Fine view of Roan and other mountains. 

P. Kidwell has five rooms. Can accommodate fifteen boarders at $15 to $20 per 
month. Good fishing and boating. 

JOHNSONS, WASHINGTON CO., TENN. 

(Express, Telegraph and Postoffice.) 

E. D. Hoss has five rooms. Will accommodate three or four families at $20 per 
month. 

JONESBORO, WASHINGTON CO., TENN. 

(Express, Telegraph and Postoffice.) 

Mrs. F. O. Deaderick has a comfortable house, pleasantly located four miles east 
of Jonesboro. Two large rooms. Can accommodate a small number at $12 per 
month. Pure water, pure air, and quiet, with comfort and cleanliness, the principal 
attractions. P. O. Bux 91, Jonesboro, Tenn. 

W. H. Dosser, Jonesboro, has three rooms. Can accommodate six or eight peo- 
ple at $18 per month. 

J. E. Reeves, Jonesboro, has three rooms. Can accommodate six persons at $18 
per month. 

W. E. Mathes, Jonesboro, has three or four rooms. Will accommodate six to 
eight people at $15 per month. 

LIMESTONE, WASHINGTON CO., TENN. 

( Fostoffice, Express and Telegraph Office.) 

John McPherson has eight rooms. Can accommodate thirty people at $18 per 
month. Good society and churches. Plenty of grass and shade. 

J. J. Yeager, one mile from the station. Plain farm house, plenty of shade, good 
scenery, white sulphur and chalybeate springs. Htsfive rooms. Can accommodate 
ten to twelve at $16 per month. 

HOME, GREEN CO., TENN. 

( Postoffice and Express Office. Nearest Telegraph Office is Greenville, four miles.) 

Tusculum College, near Greenville, East Tennessee, a delightful summer resort, 
where board can be secured at $8 to $15 per month. Dail} 7 mails. Provisions cheap 
and plentiful. Rooms to rent at $1 per mo.ith. Visitors will have free access to 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



39 



the College library and reading room of over six thousand volumes. Vacation from 
May to September. Tusculum is a small village situated in plain view of the great 
Unaka chain of mountains, and in sight of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Geor- 
gia Railroad, two miles only from Home depot. This is the Tusculum of East Ten- 
nessee, while the Tusculum of Italy was the summer residence of such men as 
Horace, Virgil, Ovid and Cicero. "We welcome to Tusculum College and our little 
villa all who desire to rest from the dust and noise of other places. Address Prof. 
W. A. Kite, Tusculum, East Tenn. 

Mrs. Julia Ramsey, Home, Green Co., Tenn. Maple Grove. Has a beautiful 
place on Nolachucky river. Two or three rooms. Can accommodate six or eight 
persons at 818 a month. Plenty of fruit, grass and shade. Fishing and boating. 

Adjoining above is Walnut Grove, where Mrs. R. H. Reeves has four pleasant 
rooms, and can accommodate eight or ten boarders at 816 to 818 per month. Plenty 
of vegetables from garden, and good country fare. 

A very near and beautiful view of the mountains from both these places. 

Mrs. J. C. Ramsey has two rooms. Can accommodate eight or ten at 818 per 
month. Large, shady yard with grass. Beautiful mountain scenery. Good boat- 
ing and fishing. 

GREENVILLE, GREEN CO., TENN. 

(Postoffice, Express and Telegraph Office.) 

Greenville has four hotels, six churches, fifteen hundred inhabitants, beautiful 
mountain scenery, and several mineral springs within easy reach of the town. A high, 
healthy, and beautiful place. The citizens have organized a summer resort associa- 
tion, with A. W. Naff as secretary. Board for a large number can be obtained for 
815 to SIS per month, and correspondence with Mr. A. W. Naff or the following 
parties solicited : J. R. Brown, Mrs. C. M. Snapp, Mrs. Sue J. Brumley, James B. 
Brown, W. P. Campbell, H. P. Brown, M. P. Reeve, Hawkins & O'Brien. There 
is no place on the railroad where better or more pleasant accommodations can be 
found at the hotels or in private families in and near the town. 

W. X. Kingsley, three and a half miles from Greenville. Large brick house, 
twelve spacious rooms, on hill surrounded with grass and shade, in full view of 
mountains; abundance of fruit. Eight or ten can be accommodated at 820 per 
month. Address at Greenville, Tenn. 

ROGERSVILLE JUNCTION, HAWKINS CO., TENN. 

(Express Office, Postoffice and Telegraph Office.) 

Peter Smith has a good country hotel at the station ; can accommodate forty peo- 
ple at 818 per month. Good liverv accommodations at this point. Passengers for 
Rogersville change cars. 



4o 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



ROGERSVILLE, HAWKINS CO., TENN. 

See description of town on page 22. A very large number can be accommodated 
in the town and the adjoining country. 

Nannie McClure, two and a half miles from Rogersville, has four rooms and can 
accommodate eight to ten people at reasonable rates, which will be given on applica- 
tion. This farm house is a half mile from Holston river, yard well shaded, large 
orchard, good hunting, fishing and boating. 

F. C. Painter, M. D., Rogersville, has three rooms; can accommodate six or 
eight boarders. Nicely located in the village. 

Parties who are undecided where to locate may go to Rogersville with the cer- 
tainty of being able to find pleasant, comfortable and cheap accommodations in the 
village or surrounding country, and also of being well cared for at the Rogersville 
hotel, N. F. Powell, proprietor, or at the Holston house, E, D. Powell, proprietor. 
Both these hotels are models of cleanliness, comfort and good fare. 

WHITESBURG, HAMBLEN CO., TENN. 

P. N. Roddy has two rooms. Can accommodate four to six boarders at $12 to 
$14 per month. Good fishing in short distance. Nice croquet ground, good shade. 
Good drive to sulphur springs, two miles distant. 

MOORESBURG, HAWKINS CO., TENN. 

(Whitesburg nearest Railroad Station and Express Office.) 

H. G. Williams lias ten rooms ; can accommodate thirty people at $12.50 to $15 
per month. Can be reached by hack line from Whitesburg. A fine chalybeate 
spring breaks out at the mountain side, hundreds of feet above the valley. Loca- 
tion high, atmosphere cool, pure and bracing. Surrounding country mountainous, 
wild and picturesque. The attractions of the place are seclusion, excellent mineral 
waters, good air, plain and good country fare. Wonderful cures of dyspepsia, gen- 
eral debility and weakness reported. 

MORRISTOWN, TENN. 

(Terminus Morristown Branch Railroad. Express, Telegraph anil I'ostorhce. ) 

Mrs. W. H. Lane can accommodate four persons at $15 per month. Comforta- 
ble house, large rooms. Ten minutes' walk from depot. 

LEAD VALE, JEFFERSON CO., TENN. 

(Railroad Station, Morristown Branch Railroad.) 

Mrs. W. A. Montgomery will take a few boarders for the summer months at $15 
per month. Residence eleg'int and commodious on French Broad river, half a mile 
from depot. Commands fine view of the river and mountains. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



41 



RUSSELVILLE, HAMBLEN CO., TENN. 

(Railroad, Express and Postoffice.) 

M. L. Rogan, Hay Slope Farm, three rooms; can accommodate four to six at 
$15 per month. _ Grass, shade, flower garden, orchard, pleasant walks and drives, 
piano, good library. 

M. K. Lynch, three-fourths of a mile from Russellville, has two rooms. Cau 
accommodate four persons at $15 per month. 

R. A. Kyle, Beulah P. O., Green Co., six miles from Russellville, near Chucky 
river, has several rooms in a large brick house ; postoffice on premises ; half mile 
from black and white sulphur springs. Will board families at moderate rates. 

MOSSY CREEK, JEFFERSON CO., TENN. 

(Railroad, Express, Telegraph and Postoffice.) 

J. B. McCanless has two rooms. AVill accommodate four or five people at $15 
per month. 

NEW MARKET. 

(Railroad, Express and Postoffice.) 

A temperance town. No drinking saloons in the place. Noted for health and 
quiet. Following parties will entertain summer boarders: Dr. H. P. Coile, four; 
Col. W. B. Cochran, four; Mrs. Biddle, four; P. J. Anderson, six; W. H. 
Moffet, six ; Mrs. S. Pierce, four ; M. L. Dick, four ; Jesse Griffin, ten ; W. A. 
White, two ; Mrs. George W. Dice, four ; Mrs. James Minnis, four ; Mrs. ' W. B. 
Minnis, four ; Miss Daily, two ; Mrs. H. T. Dick, two ; Mrs. J. Goodykooutz, six. 

STRAWBERRY PLAINS, JEFFERSON CO., TENN. 

(Express, Telegraph and Postoffice.) 

John Saylor, River-view Farm, one and a half miles from Strawberry Plains, can 
accommodate eight to ten persons at $12 per month. A pleasant and healthy locality. 

James McMillan, four miles from Strawberry Plains; four rooms. Can accom- 
modate six to eight people at reasonable rates. Near the Holston river. 

McMillans station. 

(Railroad, Express and Postoffice.) 

Sam Croft will take ten boarders at $12 per month. Three miles from depot, one 
mile from river. 

KNOXVILLE. 

There are so many people in Knoxville and the vicinity who will take care of 
summer visitors at reasonable rates that a full list cannot be given. During the 
last season hundreds of people found suitable accommodations in this place. 



4 2 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



Mrs. M. E. Champion, Fairview, one mile from Knoxville. On good road on 
hill overlooking Tennessee river, commanding view of mountains. Rooms large and 
commodious. Good' fare at $18 to $20 per month. 

Mrs. M. C. Carter, Church street, Knoxville, will accommodate three persons at 
$20 per month. 

James Thompson, Crawford Homestead, two and a half miles from the city, will 
accommodate four to sis at $15 per month. 

H. L. Gillespie, Knoxville, has four large rooms, and can accommodate ten people 
at reasonable rates. 

TJ. S. Wight, two miles from Knoxville, on Tazewell pike, has four rooms. Can 
accommodate eight to twelve people at low rates. Situation' retired and pleasant. 

HENRY'S CROSS ROADS, SEVIER CO., TENN. 

W. G. Alexander will take ten boarders at $10 per month. Eleven miles south 
of Strawberry Plains, one and a half miles from French Broad river. Daily mails. 
Rooms large ; fine mountain view. Can be reached conveniently from Knoxville. 

MARYVILLE, TENN. 

(Railroad Station on Knoxville and Augusta Railroad.) 

Daily hacks to Montvale Springs and Mount Nebo. H. C. Austin has a large 
and comfortable hotel called the Austin House. Can accommodate a large number 
at $20 per month. 1 

LOUDON, TENN. 

(Railroad, Express, Telegraph and Postoffice.)' 

Mrs. Jane W. Johnston, one mile from station, will accommodate not exceeding 
eight boarders at $12.50 per month. Good fare and accommodations. 

ATHENS, TENN. 

(Railroad, Express, Telegraph and Postoffice.) 

Rev. T. Sullens has a large and comfortable brick building. Will accommodate 
eight or ten boarders at reasonable rates. A high, healthy and beautiful town. 

The following parties are prepared to accommodate summer boarders, and will 
give rates on application : Mrs. Matthews, J. C. Mansfield, James Turner, John 
Slover, Mrs. Sarah Bellows. Address Athens, McMinu Co., Tenn. 

COAL CREEK, ANDERSON CO., TENN. 

(Railroad and Postoffice. Knoxville and Ohio Railroad.) 

Ross Farm, three miles from Coal creek, one mile from Ross station. J. A. 
Persise has ten room3. Will accommodate twelve to fifteen persons at $16 per month. 



G UID E TO S U MM £ R RESORTS. 



43 



Foot of Walden's ridge, near Cumberland mountains. Good shade and grass, and 
good country fare. 

Robt. M. Bell has three rooms, and can acommodate six persons at $12.50 per 
month. 

CLINTON, TENN. 

( Railroad Station and Postoffice. Knoxville and Ohio Railroad.) 

G. Y\ T . Petree, one and a half miles from Clinton, in a retired and pleasant loca- 
tion, has two rooms, and can accommodate four or five people at $16 per mouth. On 
Clinch river ; good fishing and boating; one-fourth of a mile from Lone mountain. 

CLEVELAND, TENN. 

(Railroad, Express, Telegraph and Postofiice.) 

Mrs. Wm. Craigmiles, Cleveland, Tenu., has some large, airy pleasant rooms. 
Will accommodate two families at $16 per month, for adults. Children half price. 

Mrs. D. M. Nelson can accommodate two families at reasonable rates. Large 
yard, pleasant rooms and good accommodations. 

H. J. Osment, one and a half miles south of Cleveland, can accommodate twenty- 
five visitors at $12.50 per month. Children under ten years half price. Accommo- 
dations good. 




OLD POINT COMFORT, VA. 



a Summer Qftouie^ 



THE line of railroad passing through East Tennessee and Virginia offers the 
coolest, pleasantest and most desirable route for passengers to Eastern and 
Virginia cities. 

The noted watering places directly on and near the line of the Atlantic, Mississippi 
and Ohio Railroad, have such a wide and excellent reputation that no description is 
needed, but for the information of parties desiring it, a pamphlet has been published 
by that road giving a full description of the public and private resorts on that line, 
which will be mailed to all applicants by L. S. Brown, General Agent, Lynchburg, 
on application. 

The watering places and private resorts on the line of that road are offering special 
inducements, and excursion tickets to all points can be had at nearly every ticket 
office in the South. 

Especial attention is called to the improved facilities near Norfolk for those who 
desire to visit the seaside. A -railroad has been built from Norfolk to Sea View, 
and in a fifteen minutes' ride from Norfolk, one of the best points for surf bathing, 
if not the best in America, is reached. Special attention is also called to the route 
by sea from Norfolk, either via Bay Line to Baltimore and beyond, or by the Old 
Dominion Line of steamers to New York, giving a ride of twenty-six hours from 
Norfolk to New York in elegant, safe, and comfortable steamers. 

By a new and excellent arrangement of schedules better facilities than ever before 
are given for reaching the watering places on the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
Railroad, via Charlottesville, and it is hoped that the numerous and fashionable 
resorts on that road will be more largely patronized from the South than before. 

It is the purpose of the management of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia 
Railroad, the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio, and Memphis and Charleston Railroads, 
and the other roads connecting with them, forming the Great Kenesaw, Chicka- 
saw, Blue Mountain and Lookout Mountain routes, to offer unsurpassed facili- 
ties in rates, schedules and accommodations for the season of 1880, and passengers 
are referred to the agents of these lines at all Southern points. If any difficulty is 
experienced in obtaining excursion tickets to this region from any point, please inform 
James R. Ogden, Gen'l Passenger Agent, Knoxville, Tenn., who will be glad to 
give any information desired on the subject of rates, tickets, routes, &c. 

Passengers should be careful in asking for tickets, to say, " Via Knoxville, 
Tennessee," and they will not make a mistake in the route. 



4 6 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



LIST OF POINTS 

TO WHICH EXCURSION TICKETS ARE SOLD OVER THIS LINE FROM THE 
PRINCIPAL SOUTHERN CITIES. 



GSa.s't m\mt$%tt, ^ivninia and (Georgia lUiH'oad. 



Montvale Springs Tenn. 



Warm Springs N. C. 

Rogersville Tenn. 

Hale's Sulphur Springs " 

Cloudland Hotel, Roan mountain, N. C. 

White Cliff Springs Tenn. 

Knoxville " 



Athens 

Morristown 

Tate Springs 

Mineral Hill Springs 

Wolf creek 

Rogersville Junction . 

Greenville 

Jonesboro 

Johnson's 

King's Springs . . . . 

"Carter's 

Austin's Springs . . . 
Bristol 



Nine miles by stage from Maryville station, Knoville 

and Augusta Railroad. 
Eight miles by stage from Wolf creek, Tenn. 
Station Rogersville and Jefferson Railroad. 
Ten miles by stage from Rogersville, Tenn. 
Twenty-five miles by stage from Johnson's, Tenn. 
Sixteen miles by stage from Athens, Tenn. 
From this point is reached Lea's Springs, Mt. Nebo, 

Doyle's Springs, Montvale, and a large number of 

other watering places. 



Nine miles by stage from Morristown, Tenn. 
Nine miles by stage from Morristown, Tenn. 



One mile by stage from Johnson's. 
Two miles by stage from Carter's. 



Atlantic, |tti#sfc,$iwni anil (&Mo jEailroad. 



Abingdon Va 

Glade Springs 

Wytheville 

Christiansburg 

Yellow Sulphur Springs 

Big Tunnel 

Montgomery White Sulph. Springs, 

Alleghany 

Alleghany Springs 

Salem 

Coyner's Platform 

Coyner's W. and B. Sulph. Springs, 

Blue Ridge 

Blue Ridge Springs 

Liberty . 

Peaks of Otter 

Forest . . . 

Bedford Alum and Iron Springs . . 

Lynchburg 

Norfolk 

Fortress Monroe and Sea View Hotel 



Three and a half miles by stage from Christiansburg. 
One and a half miles by N. G. R.R.from Big Tunnel. 
Three and a half miles by stage from Alleghany. 

Coyner's Platform. 
Blue Ridge. 

Seven miles from Liberty. 

Three miles by stage from Forest. 

Near Norfolk, Va. 



GUIDE TO SUMMER RESORTS. 



47 



Washington Citit, Virginia ^HitUaiul and (Srcat Southern Hailvoatl. 



Charlottesville Va. I 

University of Virginia & Monticello, " | Charlottesville. 



Chesapeake and (Dhitr Railroad. 



Staunton Va. 

Stribling's Springs " 

Variety, Variety Springs " 

Goshen " 

Cold Sulphur, Rockbridge, Bath and 

Alum Springs " 

Millboro 

Bath, Alum, Warm and Mot Springs " 

Covington " 

Healing Springs " 

White Sulphur Springs " 



Twelve miles by stage from Staunton. 

Stage from Goshen. 

Stage from Millboro. 

Sixteen miles by stage from Covington. 



For a copy of this pamphlet or further information, address — 



JAMES R. OGDEX, G. P. Agent ■ Knoxville, Tenn. 

T. S. DA V ANT, G. P. Agent Memphis, Tenn. 

BARNEY HUGHES, Contracting Agent " 

B. P. ROBSON, Pass. Agent " " 

A. J. KNAPP, G. P. Agent " . 

M. S. JAY, G. P. Agent Little Rock, Ark. 

P. R. ROGERS, G. W. Agent Dallas, Texas. 

STARR S. JONES, Ticket Agent Galveston, Texas. 

W. H. MASTERS, G. T. Agent . Houston, Texas. 

SAM'L E. CAREY, G. P. Agent Jackson Route New Orleans, La. 

J. C. ANDREWS, G. S. Agent , . . 

E. D. CCBB, Pass. Agent " « 

C. L. FITCH, G. P. Agent Mobile, Ala. 

GEO. NASON, Gen'l Agent " 

DAVID HELLER, Pass. Agent 

S. H. HARD WICK, Pass. Agent Montgomery, Ala. 

JNO. M. WYLY, Gen'l Agent . " 

R. H. GARRETT, Southern Pass. Agent Vicksburg, Miss. 

THAD. C. STURGIS, Pass. Agent Columbus, Ga. 

BURR BROWN, Pass. Agent '. Macon, Ga. 

B. W. WRENN, G. P. A Atlanta, Ga. 

W.W.BALLARD, Pass. Agent " 

A. A. VERNOY, Pass. Agent " " 

JNO. McDANIEL, Pass. Agent Jacksonville, Fla. 

O. B. RICHARDSON, Pass. Agent 

W. L. DANLEY, Gen'l P. Agent Nashville, Tenn. 

L. B. MORRISON, G. P. A Chattanooga, Tenn. 

C. C. McMILLIN, Ticket Agent . " " 



The attention of Southern Merchants and Shippers is respect- 
fully invited to the well-known 



FAST FREIGHT LINE, 



■ THE 




the best equipped and organized freight line between Eastern and 
Southern cities. 

The following is a list of its principal Eastern agents : 

THOS. PINCKNEY, general agent, 

303 Broadway, New York. 

JOE G. M. BUFFALOE, new york agent, 

303 Broadway, New York. 

G. M. HUNTINGTON, eastern pass, agent, New York. 

C. P. GAITHER, 240 Washington St., Boston, Mass. 

J NO. S. WILSON, g. f. a., 44 Fifth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

WM. M. LAWSON, 157 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, Md. 



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Neutralizing Agent: Magnesium Oxide 
Treatment Date: 




JUL 1990 
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